Based on the panel data of 286 cities in China from 2012 to 2022, this paper examines the impact of urban design pilot policies on urban green development. It finds that: first, urban design pilot policies can promote urban green development, and the level of green development in urban design pilot areas is increased by 15.5% compared with non-pilot areas. Second, the urban design pilot promotes the green development of cities by improving the efficiency of factor allocation, enhancing the efficiency of energy utilization, and promoting the development of the digital economy. Third, the impact of urban design pilots on urban green development is higher in cities with high administrative levels, green levels, and resource endowment. This study has important theoretical significance and practical value for deepening the urban design pilot policy and further enhancing the green competitiveness of cities.