Microbial biofilm formed on abiotic surfaces is an important area of research because of the wide range of possible affects and the disinfectant resistance of the cells. The colonization of solid surfaces by microorganisms is a very complicated process that depends mostly on extracellular molecule production. The biosynthesis of EPS reflected not only the attachment and aggregation process but also provided an optimal environment for the exchange of genetic material between the cells. The comparative and comprehensive analysis of all documented data concerning EPS production can enable the development and effective control strategies for biofilms. In this review some of the basic concepts concerning the biosynthesis of EPS and potential function of these compounds in biofilm development were discussed. In the paper the positive and negative aspects of EPS production in the environment also were described.