ORIGINAL RESEARCH
Biodiesel Production from Rubber Seed Oil Using
Natural Zeolite Supported Metal Oxide Catalysts
More details
Hide details
1
Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Negeri Medan,
Jl. Willem Iskandar Pasar V Medan Estate, Medan 20221, Indonesia
Submission date: 2021-01-26
Final revision date: 2021-03-27
Acceptance date: 2021-04-08
Online publication date: 2021-09-14
Publication date: 2021-12-02
Corresponding author
Ahmad Nasir Pulungan
Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Negeri Medan, Jl. Willem Iskandar Pasar V Medan Estate, 20221, Medan, Indonesia
Pol. J. Environ. Stud. 2021;30(6):5681-5689
KEYWORDS
TOPICS
ABSTRACT
The conversion of biodiesel from rubber seed oil has been carried out using heterogeneous catalyst
based on natural zeolite. The methods used include activated and calcined to produce active natural
zeolite (ZAA). ZAA are embodied metal oxides of PbO, ZnO, and ZrO2 through wet impregnation
to produce bifunctional catalyst. The catalysts activity test was carried out in biodiesel synthesis at
temperature 60ºC for 60 minutes with 5%(w/w) catalysts. Crystallinity of catalysts increased after the
activation process and ZrO2 loaded but decreased after PbO and ZnO loaded. The catalyst components
after modification decreased Al levels due to dealumination process as well as reduced impurities.
Spesific surface area of catalysts decreased after impregnation while total pore volume increased. Metal
oxides loaded has an effect in increasing biodiesel conversion and reducing FFA content. The best
performance was shown by ZrO2/ZAA catalysts with yield conversion of 58.10% and FFA conversion to
methyl ester reaches 86.22%. The characteristics of water content, FFA content, and density of 0.092%,
1.081%, and 0.880 g/cm3, respectively. These data showed that biodiesel from rubber seed oil which was
catalyzed by a bifunctional catalyst has the potential to be developed as an alternative source of future
renewable and environmentally friendly fuels.