ORIGINAL RESEARCH
Bi-Level Decision-Making Approach for GHG
Emissions Control and Municipal Solid Waste
Management under Parameter Uncertainty:
A Case Study in Beijing, China
Yizhong Chen, Li He, Hongwei Lu, Jing Li
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School of Renewable Energy, North China Electric Power University,
Beijing 102206, China
Submission date: 2015-04-16
Final revision date: 2015-12-03
Acceptance date: 2015-12-05
Publication date: 2016-07-22
Pol. J. Environ. Stud. 2016;25(4):1435-1451
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ABSTRACT
Greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from municipal solid waste (MSW) management significantly contribute
to high global warming potential (GWP). However, most studies have failed to facilitate identifying
MSW management schemes capable of comprehensively meeting the goals from decision-makers at different
hierarchical levels under uncertainties. This study develops an inexact bi-level linear programming
(IBLP) model for collaborative control of GHG emissions and waste management in Beijing: MGU-MCL.
The MGU-MCL model implies a leader-follower decision process, with the environmental sector providing
the upper-level objective and the local authority dominating the lower-level objective. Then, an interactive
fuzzy possiblistic approach is introduced to represent the satisfactory degrees of different decision-making
levels. Results show that the MGU-MCL model decisions would reduce GHG emissions by about 9%, but
increase management costs by 4% compared with the decisions from conventional models; the contribution
of the landfill facilities to GHG emissions would be predominant, especially methane emissions; while the
composting and incineration facilities would account for a large proportion of management cost. Further
comparative analysis among the bi-level and single-level models indicates that the bi-level model could
provide coordinated schemes under an integrated consideration of economic efficiency and environmental
impact.