ORIGINAL RESEARCH
Assessment of Paracetamol (Acetaminophen)
Toxicity in Microalgae
Daniel Ching-Yee Wang, Wan-Loy Chu, Yih-Yih Kok
More details
Hide details
International Medical University,
No. 126, Jalan Jalil Perkasa 19, Bukit Jalil, 57000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
Pol. J. Environ. Stud. 2015;24(2):735-741
KEYWORDS
ABSTRACT
There has been concern over the ecotoxicity of residual pharmaceuticals detected in the aquatic environments.
Paracetamol (acetaminophen) is one the most extensively used over-the-counter drugs and its residues
have been detected in the aquatic environment. There have been contradictory reports on the sensitivity
of microalgae to paracetamol (PCM). The primary aim of this study was to assess the toxicity of PCM in
five microalgae, namely Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata, Scenedesmus dimorphus, Stichococcus bacillaris,
Chlorella vulgaris, and Chlamydomonas reinhardtii based on 96 h test at concentrations ranging from
0, 30, 60, 120, to 240 mg L-1. Results showed that the microalgae were very resistant to PCM as the EC50
values based on OD620 were beyond the highest concentration (>240 mg L-1) tested. However, P. subcapitata
was more sensitive than the other species when compared using EC10 (91.4 mg L-1) based on chlorophyll a
(chl a) concentration. Both chl a and total carotenoid concentrations of Psedokirchneriella subcapitata and
Scenedesmus dimorphus exposed to the highest PCM concentration (240 mg L-1) were significantly (p<0.05)
lower than the control. In comparison, the car:chl a ratio of Chlorella vulgaris increased with increasing
PCM concentrations.