ORIGINAL RESEARCH
Assessment of Municipal Solid Waste
Composition in Malaysia:
Management, Practice, and Challenges
Dawda Badgie1, Mohd Armi Abu Samah2, Latifah Abd Manaf1, Azizi B. Muda3
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1Department of Environmental Management, Faculty of Environmental Studies,
2Centre of Excellence for Environmental Forensics, Faculty of Environmental Studies,
Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
3Faculty of Human Science, Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris (UPSI),
35900 Tanjong Malim, Perak, Malaysia
Pol. J. Environ. Stud. 2012;21(3):539-547
KEYWORDS
ABSTRACT
Malaysia is faced with daunting challenges related to solid waste management. Due to an increase in
population, economic growth, inadequate enforcement of waste legislation, infrastructure, and public attitude
among others, solid waste management is considered a crucial issue in Malaysia, particularly in urban settings.
This paper gives an overview of solid waste management in Malaysian with the aim of presenting the state of
waste generation, composition, management practices, and problems with regards to environmental, economic,
and other ramifications from previous records. In general, the total waste generated in Malaysia is estimated
to be 7 million tons in 2000, with an annual increase of 3%. This is due to many factors such as urban migration,
affluence, and rapid development. This circumstance requires greater focus to be in placed on managing
solid waste and mitigating the negative public and environmental effects. Presently, management of solid
waste is carried out by the Ministry of Housing and local government, with the support of the private sector.
This new holistic approach initiated addressing the solid waste issue, taking into account public health and
environmental concerns with an emphasis on reduction, reuse, and recycling before reaching final stage – disposal
at landfill, and this to certain extent has a greater potential in addressing SWM problems in Malaysia.