This study investigates the decoupling relationship between carbon emissions and economic growth in Northeast China based on the carbon emissions generated by energy consumption from 2002 to 2021. Utilizing the Tapio decoupling model along with methods such as factor decomposition, cointegration tests, and impulse response analysis, we delve into the influencing factors of carbon emissions and their interaction effects. The results reveal significant variations in decoupling statuses across different regions within the study period. GDP exhibits the most pronounced promoting effect on carbon emissions, followed by petroleum consumption and population factors, with multifactor interactions being more significant than single-factor effects. Both GDP and carbon emissions demonstrate stable states at different lag orders, indicating a long-term cointegrating relationship between the two. The findings contribute to understanding the diverse factors influencing carbon emissions, thereby providing scientific support for governments to make informed decisions and formulate policies effectively.