Reducing greenhouse gas emissions and governing pollutant emissions would cause real synergy. Therefore, China has proposed achieving the target of reducing fine particulate matter (PM_2.5) concentrations to 35 ug/m³, as it pollutes the most. The prioritized purpose of this dissertation is aimed at constructing a comprehensive framework by integrating the PM_2.5 target, influencing factors, and countermeasures together to shed some new light on the PM_2.5 governing problem. A computable general equilibrium (CGE) model containing a pollution abatement block is first introduced. Accordingly, four different scenarios about the PM_2.5 target implementation plan are designed for analyzing the impacts on China’s macroeconomics, energy demand, and environmental quality, and we establish a PM_2.5 system dynamics model in the principle of system dynamics theory afterward. Subsequently, the model offers six various countermeasures in terms of declining the concentration of PM_2.5 on the basis of the causality diagram. Consequently, the scenario analysis and system simulation results illustrate that the decline in PM_2.5 concentration at annual average rates of 3.07%, 4.61%, and 1.53% from 2016 to 2020, 2021 to 2025, and 2026 to 2030 is significantly beneficial for achieving the PM_2.5 target. Additionally, three effective countermeasures could be approximately reaching the PM_2.5 concentration target in 2030.