This research aimed to examine the environmental consequences of crude petroleum refining processes. Water and air samples, taken from locations both near and far from artisanal oil refinery areas, were analyzed following approved procedures. The results obtained revealed that the operation of artisanal oil refineries had substantial environmental impacts. It was noted that water samples from highincidence areas exhibited the highest levels of TPH (mean ~561 μg/L), potentially toxic metals, HUB (mean ~31.33 cfu/mL), and HUF (mean ~16.87 cfu/mL). However, water samples in the high-incidence area had the lowest electrical conductivity and dielectric constant values. Similarly, the highest levels of VOCs, SO₂, CH₄, NO₂, CO, and NH₃, along with the lowest O₃ values, were recorded in high-emission zones. In rainwater and surface water, potentially toxic metal concentrations followed this pattern: Zn>Cu>Ni>Pb>Cd>As and Zn>Cu>Ni>Pb>Cd>As>Hg, respectively. The TCR values indicated that the metal concentrations were within the tolerable carcinogenic risk range, while the non-carcinogenic risks were within acceptable levels (HI<1). The findings of this study emphasized the importance of fostering a cleaner environment and identifying the basic pollution caused by human activities.