ORIGINAL RESEARCH
A Field Experiment on Restoration
of a Hyper-Eutrophic Urban Shallow Pool
Using Polyaluminium Chloride in Thailand
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1
Department of Environmental Technology and Management, Faculty of Environment,
Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
2
Department of Fisheries Biology, Faculty of Fisheries, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
Submission date: 2023-06-27
Final revision date: 2023-08-17
Acceptance date: 2023-08-29
Online publication date: 2023-11-13
Publication date: 2023-12-19
Corresponding author
Ratcha Chaichana
Department of Environmental Technology and Management, Faculty of Environment,
Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
Pol. J. Environ. Stud. 2024;33(1):405-413
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ABSTRACT
Water bodies in cities often suffer from intense eutrophication due to excessive nutrient addition.
Hence, the restoration of a eutrophic water body to its original healthy state is crucial. Therefore,
this research investigated the possible use of polyaluminium chloride (PAC) to restore a shallow
pool in Thailand. A dosage of PAC at 30 g/m2 was applied as slurry in a shallow pool in 2021. Water
quality and sediment properties were monitored before, during, and after the application of PAC (four
consecutive weeks). The results revealed that before the application of PAC, this shallow pool was
hypereutrophic (mean total nitrogen of 0.74±0.32 and mean total phosphorus of 3.24±0.88 mg/l). Mean
chlorophyll a was exceptionally high (887.45±48.33 μg/l). The predominant species were Spirulina sp.
and Microcystis sp. After the application of PAC, the water quality parameters improved. The total
phosphorus, chlorophyll a and turbidity were reduced significantly (p<0.05), and the transparency depth
was enhanced. Furthermore, intact phytoplankton cells were shifted from cyanobacteria to green algae.
Flocs were observed in the surface water and on the sediment. This method proved to be practical
to use, low in operational cost, and did not affect freshwater fauna due to its low toxicity.