In response to the frequent occurrence of rock blasting during traffic tunnel excavation under high ground stress, this paper presents a detailed introduction to microseismic monitoring technology. Firstly, the principle and role of microseismic monitoring are explained, including the characteristics and main processes of microseismic monitoring technology. Secondly, the characteristics of microseismic monitoring technology are introduced, and the different characteristics encountered in the application of microseismic monitoring technology to traffic tunnels are discussed. The introduction of the microseismic monitoring process includes six parts: microseismic signal acquisition, recognition and classification, noise reduction, arrival detection, localization, and microseismic-based forecast and warning. Finally, an outlook on the development of microseismic monitoring in traffic tunnels is given.