ORIGINAL RESEARCH
In vitro Germination and Phytoremediation
Potential of Endemic Plant Species
Verbascum phrygium Bornm.
Growing under Zinc Stress
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Department of Biology, Dumlupinar University, Kutahya, Turkey
Submission date: 2020-06-30
Final revision date: 2020-08-27
Acceptance date: 2020-08-30
Online publication date: 2020-12-10
Publication date: 2021-02-05
Corresponding author
Betul Akin
Dumlupınar University, Dumlupınar University, 43100, Kutahya, Turkey
Pol. J. Environ. Stud. 2021;30(2):1513-1520
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ABSTRACT
Plant tissue culture techniques are a valuable tool to obtain suitable plant for phytoremediation
and degraded areas because of heavy metals. In this study, the effects of different agar concentrations
and different pH levels on in vitro germination parameters studied. In addition, the effects of various
concentrations of zinc on growth parameters (root-shoot length, leaf number and fresh weight) and
zinc accumulation for Verbascum phrygium endemic plant species investigated. During the in vitro
germination period, the best development occurred at 0.7% agar and pH 6.5. In this research, zinc
treatment (0, 5, 10, 30, 50, 100 and 250 Zn) was applied for seven days. The mean relative root length,
shoot length and leaf number of V. phrygium increased up to 30 mg/L zinc concentration. However fresh
weight did not show any significant differences in 0 to 50 mg/L Zn, but they decreased significantly
in 100 mg/L Zn. Thus, V. phrygium exhibited high tolerance to increased Zn concentrations.
Phytoremediation results indicated that, maximum zinc accumulations were obtained in 10 and 30 mg/L
Zn, respectively (18,788.82 mg/kg DW, 18,325.33 mg/kg DW). Although Zn content in the roots and
leaves increased with increasing Zn concentration, Zn predominantly accumulated in V. phrygium roots.
In conclusion, V. phrygium can be used in contaminated areas due to its capacity to accumulate zinc in
its organs.